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Telephone
- An instrument that converts voice and other sound signals into a form that can be
transmitted to remote locations and that receives and reconverts waves into sound signals.
Word History: The everyday word telephone illustrates some important linguistic and
etymological processes.
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| First, the noun
telephone is one of a class of technological and scientific words made up of combining
forms derived from classical languages, in this case tele- and -phone. Tele- is from the
Greek combining form tle- or tl-, a form of tle, meaning “afar, far off,” while
-phone is from Greek phn, “sound, voice.” Such words derived from classical
languages can be put together in French or German, for example, as well as in English.
Which language actually gave birth to them cannot always be determined. In this case
French téléphone (about 1830) seems to have priority. The word was used for an acoustic
apparatus, as it originally was in English (1844). Alexander Graham Bell appropriated the
word for his invention in 1876, and in 1877 we have the first instance of the verb
telephone meaning “to speak to by telephone.” The verb is an example of a
linguistic process called functional shift. This occurs when a word develops a new part of
speech: a noun is used as a verb (to date), a verb as a noun (a break), an adjective as a
noun (the rich), a noun as an adjective (a stone wall), or even an adjective as a verb (to
round). When we telephone a friend, we are changing the syntactic function of telephone,
making it a verb rather than a noun. |
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