Data Storage - Hard Drives IDE ATA Ultra DMA

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IDE Hard Disk Drives. Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) systems put most of the electronics on the drive itself. The encoding and decoding and the control signals are done on the circuit board under the drive. The adapter card just relays the signals from the drive to the computer. In essence, the drive is an independent thing from the computer and it takes care of itself. IDE Drives are today's standard and are the default drive on almost all modern computers. But, with the need for speed that many people have, the IDE drive is sometimes passed over for a faster interface.

The mechanism that reads and writes data on a hard disk. Hard disk drives (HDDs) for PCs generally have seek times of about 12 milliseconds or less. Many disk drives improve their performance through a technique called caching.

There are several interface standards for passing data between a hard disk and a computer. The most common are IDE and SCSI. |Continued Below|

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HD-IB120VA	IBM 120GXP 120GB ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:Deskstar 120GXP IC35L120AVVA07-0 Interface:ATA100 Capacity:120GB Sector Size:512 bytes Rotational Speed:7200rpm Data Buffer:2MB Average Seek Time:8.5ms	$175.84
HD-IB100VA	IBM 07N8085 100GB U100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 07N8085 IDE 100GB Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Interface: Ultra ATA/100 Buffer Size: 2MB	$126.00
HD-IB80VA7	IBM 120GXP 80GB ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:Deskstar 120GXP IC35L080AVVA07-0 Interface:ATA100 Capacity:80GB Sector Size:512 bytes Rotational Speed:7200rpm Data Buffer:2MB Average Seek Time:8.5ms	$113.12
HD-IB60VA7	IBM 120GXP 60GB ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number:07N8083 MODEL # IC35L060AVVA07 Deskstar 120GXP Ultra ATA/100 2mb Cache Buffer 40mb/sec Data Transfer Rates 8.5ms Average Seek Time 60.0 GB 7200rpm	$97.44
HD-IB40VA7	IBM 120GXP 40GB ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:120GXP IC35L040AVVA07 Part Number:07N8082 Capacity:40GB Rotational Speed:7200rpm Average Seek Time:8.5MS Buffer Size: 2MB BUFFER 3.5LP ATA100	$85.12
HD-IB20VN7	IBM 07N8456 20GB ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 07N8456 Capacity: 20GB Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Interface standard: ATA-100 Average seek time: 8.8ms Buffer: 2MB	$68.60
HD-RACK100	Lian-Li RH-32 ATA100 IDE 7200rpm Aluminum Mobile Rack	Specifications Mfr Model Number: RH-32 Supports ATA100; 7200rpm HDD Single Sleeve Fan in the Rear Aluminum Inner-Rack Electronic Key Lock ABS 94V0 Fireproof Plastic Dimensions: 210x146x42mm	$25.76
HD-MX120AW	Maxtor 120GB IDE ATA133 5400rpm 1in. Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:DiamondMax D540X 4G120J6 Ultra ATA133 120GB Capacity 2MB cache buffer 5400rpm 12ms average seek time	$148.68
HD-MX81A7J	Maxtor 81GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications D740X 6L080J4 Capacity: 80GB Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: 8.5ms Integrated Controller: Ultra ATA/133 Buffer Size: 2 MB	$126.56
HD-MX80A7Y	Maxtor 80GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: 6Y080L0 Capacity: 80GB Interface: Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: <9ms Buffer Size: 2MB	$125.44
HD-MX81AK	Maxtor 81GB UDMA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:4K080H4 Size:81GB Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE compatible Data protection System Shock protection system Ultra ATA/100 data transfer rate 2MB SDRAM cache buffer <12ms average seek time 5400rpm	$98.00
HD-MX61A7J	Maxtor 60GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:6L060J3 Capacity:60GB Rotational Speed:7200rpm Interface: Ultra ATA133 Average Seek Time:8.5 millisecond Quiet Drive Technology	$107.52
HD-MX60A7Y	Maxtor 60GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: 6Y060L0 Capacity: 60GB Interface: Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: <9ms Buffer Size: 2MB	$98.00
HD-MX61AW	Maxtor 60GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:4W060H4 Integrated Controller: Ultra ATA/100 Rotation Speed: 5400rpm Data Buffer Size:2MB Data Buffer Type: SDRAM Data Transfer Speed:100MB/sec to/from Interface Average Seek Time:10.5ms	$85.12
HD-MX40A7J	Maxtor 40GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:6L040J2 Capacity:40GB Rotational Speed:7200rpm Interface: Ultra ATA133 Average Seek Time:8.5 millisecond Quiet Drive Technology	$85.96
HD-MX40A7E	Maxtor 40GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 6E040L0 Capacity: 40GB Interface: fast Ultra ATA/Enhanced IDE Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: <10ms Buffer Size: 2MB External Transfer Rate(Mbytes/sec): ATA/133 Slim Model	$85.68
HD-MX40AK	Maxtor 40GB UDMA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:4K040H2 Size:40GB Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE compatible Data protection System Shock protection system Ultra ATA/100 data transfer rate 2MB SDRAM cache buffer <12ms average seek time 5400rpm	$76.16
HD-MX40AF	Maxtor 40GB IDE ATA133 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 2F040J0 Formatted capacity: 40GB Average seek time: < 12ms Rotational speed: 5400rpm Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE Compatible Ultra ATA/133 Data Transfer Speed 2MB Cache Buffer Slim Model	$75.60
HD-MX30A7E	Maxtor 30GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 6E030L0 Capacity: 30GB Interface: fast Ultra ATA/Enhanced IDE Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: <10ms Buffer Size: 2MB	$69.44
HD-MX20A7J	Maxtor 20GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:6L020J1 Capacity:20GB Rotational Speed:7200rpm Interface: Ultra ATA133 Average Seek Time:8.5 millisecond Quiet Drive Technology	$73.36
HD-MX20A7E	Maxtor 20GB Ultra ATA133 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 6E020L0 Capacity: 20GB Interface: fast Ultra ATA/Enhanced IDE Rotational Speed: 7200rpm Average Seek Time: <10ms Buffer Size: 2MB External Transfer Rate(Mbytes/sec): ATA/133 Slim Model	$69.44
HD-MX30AF	Maxtor 30GB IDE ATA133 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: 2F030J0 Formatted capacity: 30GB Average seek time: < 12ms Rotational speed: 5400rpm Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE Compatible Ultra ATA/133 Data Transfer Speed 2MB Cache Buffer Slim Model	$63.84
HD-MX20AS	Maxtor 20GB Ultra ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:2B020H1 Capacity:20.0 GB Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE compatible Digital Signal Processor (DSP)-Based Architecture Ultra ATA/100 Data Transfer Rate 2 MB SDRAM Cache Buffer < 12 ms average seek time	$63.56
HD-MX20F	Maxtor 20GB IDE 100 5400rpm Slim Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: 2F020J0 Formatted capacity: 20GB Average seek time:< 12ms Rotational speed:5400rpm Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE Compatible Ultra ATA/133 Data Transfer Speed 2MB Cache Buffer Slim Model	$63.56
HD-MX10AS	Maxtor 10GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specification : MX2R010H1 Capacity of 10 GB Fast ATA/Enhanced IDE compatible Digital Signal Processor (DSP)-Based Architecture Ultra ATA/100 Data Transfer Rate 2 MB SDRAM Cache Buffer Speed : 5400rpm < 15 ms average seek time 5400 RPM OEM Package contain only the drive	$57.12
CABLE-IDE6	Cable for IDE 66/100 Hard Drives	Specifications cable for IDE 66/100 hard drives	$2.02
HD-TRAY-A6	Mobile RACK for Hard Drives EIDE/66 In-Tray	MobileRACK for Hard Drives EIDE/66 In-Tray Box MobileRack is removable storage modules from ViPowER are the perfect solution for protecting your valuable data. MobileRACK cartridges provide a simple and inexpensive way to transport data between computer, and are useful for on-line back-up and storage of valuable files. Sensitive information can be easily removed and secured. MobileRACK cartridges are hot-removable for RAID application. The MobileRACK frame is form-fittled for a standard PC/AT 5.25" half-height bay. Its cartridge can accept most half-height 3.5" hard drives, making installation quick and easy. Because MobileRACK is not limited by memory size, you can install any capacity drive. Once installed, you can remove the drive simply by turning the key off and removing the cartridge from the frame. Dimensions (DxWxH): 8.4"x5.8"x1.6" Weight: 1.2 lbs Convenient pull-out handle Data input: EIDE 66 MB/sec. Detail Spec.: http://www.vipower.com	$6.16
HD-SM80A7	Samsung 80GB Ultra ATA100 IDE 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number:SP8004H 3.5-inch High Performance Hard Drives 80.0GB Formatted Capacity High Speed Digital Signal Processor(DSP)Based Architecture Ultra ATA 100 7,200 rpm Spindle Speed 8.9 ms Average Seek Time 7 way interleave OTF Error Correction S.M.A.R.T. Compliant 2 MB Buffer Size	$108.64
HD-SM80A	Samsung 80GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:SV8004H 3.5in. 80GB Capacity Ultra DMA100 5400rpm 8.9ms Average Seek Time 7 way interleave OTF Error Correction Buffer Size:2MB S.M.A.R.T. Compliant	$91.84
HD-SM60A	Samsung 60GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:SV6004H 3.5-inch High Performance Hard Drives 30.0GB Capacity per Disk Disk numbers:2 Heads:4 Buffer Size:512 Kbytes Acoustic Noise Suppression Technology High Speed Digital Signal Processor(DSP)Based Architecture Ultra DMA 100 Support 5,400 rpm Spindle Speed 9.0ms Average Seek Time 7 way interleave OTF Error Correction S.M.A.R.T. Compliant Dimension(HxWxD):1x4x5.75(inches) Weight:1.4 Pounds	$84.00
HD-SM40A71	Samsung 40GB ATA100 IDE 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mdr Model Number:SP4002H Capacity:40.0GB Interface:ATA100 EIDE Transfer Mode:100MB/s Rotational Speed:7200rpm Average Read Seek:9.0ms	$81.76
HD-SM40A	Samsung 40GB IDE ATA66 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specification :SpinPoint V20400(SV4084D) 3.5-inch High Performance Hard Drives 20.4GB Capacity per Disk Acoustic Noise Suppression Technology High Speed Digital Signal Processor(DSP)Based Architecture Ultra DMA 66 Support 5,400 rpm Spindle Speed 9.0ms Average Seek Time 7 way interleave OTF Error Correction S.M.A.R.T. Compliant SSB(Shock Skin Bumper) ImpacGuard NoiseGuard OEM Package contain only the drive	$79.52
HD-SM30A	Samsung 30GB IDE ATA66 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specification :SpinPoint V15300 SV3064D 3.5-inch High Performance Hard Drives : 30GB 15.3GB Capacity per Disk High Speed Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Based Architecture Ultra DMA 66 Support 5,400 rpm Spindle Speed 9.0ms Average Seek Time 7 way interleave OTF Error Correction S.M.A.R.T. Compliant Head/Disk : 4/2 OEM Package contain only the drive	$64.96
HD-SM20A7	Samsung 20GB ATA100 IDE 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mdr Model Number:SV2042H Capacity:20.0GB Interface:ATA100 EIDE Transfer Mode:100MB/s Rotational Speed:5400rpm Average Read Seek:9.0ms	$68.88
HD-ST80AB	Seagate 80GB IDE ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model number: ST380021A Barracuda ATA IV Interface:UltraATA/100 Formatted Capacity: 80 GB Average Seek Time(Read): 8.9 msec typical Average Seek Time(Write): 10.9 msec typical Spindle Speed: 7200 RPM Form Factor(WxH):3.5x1-inches	$115.08
HD-ST60AB	Seagate 60GB IDE ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model number: ST360021A Barracuda ATA IV Interface:UltraATA/100 Formatted Capacity: 60 GB Average Seek Time(Read): 8.9 msec typical Average Seek Time(Write): 10.9 msec typical Spindle Speed: 7200 RPM Form Factor(WxH):3.5x1-inches	$98.00
HD-ST40AB1	Seagate 40GB IDE ATA100 7200rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST340016A Capacity:40GB Speed:7200rpm Average Seek Time:9ms Interface: Ultra ATA/100 3D defense system 2MB cache buffer	$84.84
HD-ST40A6	Seagate 40GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:U series ST340810A Capacity:40GB Speed: 5400rpm Seek Time: 8.9ms Avg. Interface: Ultra ATA/100	$77.28
HD-ST20A5	Seagate 20GB IDE ATA100 5400rpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: ST320014A Capacity: 20 GB Rotational Speed: 5400rpm Average Seek time: 12.7ms Buffer Size: 2MB Interface: Ultra ATA/100 Slim New Model 1 Year Warranty	$63.56
HD-RACK133	IDE Latch-Lock/Switch/Fan U133 Mobile Rack	Specifications MFG-PART#: VP-10LSF-100/133 IDE LATCH-LOCK/SWITCH/FAN U133 U100/133	$9.52
HD-RACKA66	ViPower UDMA66 IDE Drive Enclosure w/ fan	ViPower Removable 2.5/3.5 inch Storage Enclosure Rack Easy installation & data back-up High Data-Security & Privacy Convenient data administration & sharing Support for IDE(40 pin) internal cooling fan convenient auto pull-out & auto-close door designed Provided ID-Switch & Busy-LED for SCSI interface supports for ATAPI-UDMA 66 drives	$9.80

|Continued from Top|

Hard disk drives are sometimes called Winchester drives, Winchester being the name of one of the first popular hard disk drive technologies developed by IBM

All hard drives share a basic structure and are composed of the same physical features. However, not all hard drives perform the same way as the quality of the parts of the hard drive will affect its performance. Following is a description of the common features of the hard drive and how each part works in relation to the others. Hard drives are extremely sensitive equipment and the internal workings of a hard drive should not be handled by anyone other than an experienced professional.

The Platters

The platters are the actual disks inside the drive that store the magnetized data. Traditionally platters are made of a light alluminum alloy and coated with a magnetizable material such as a ferrite compound that is applied in liquid form and spun evenly across the platter or thin metal film plating that is applied to the platter through electroplating, the same way that chrome is produced. Newer technology uses glass and/or ceramic platters because they can be made thinner and also because they are more efficient at resisting heat. The magnetic layer on the platters has tiny domains of magnetization that are oriented to store information that is transferred through the read/write heads. Most drives have at least two platters, and the larger the storage capacity of the drive, the more platters there are. Each platter is magnetized on each side, so a drive with 2 platters has 4 sides to store data.

The Spindle and Spindle Motor

The platters in a drive are separated by disk spacers and are clamped to a rotating spindle that turns all the platters in unison. The spindle motor is built right into the spindle or mounted directly below it and spins the platters at a constant set rate ranging from 3,600 to 7,200 RPM. The motor is attached to a feedback loop to ensure that it spins at precisely the speed it is supposed to.

The Read/Write Heads

The read/write heads read and write data to the platters. There is typically one head per platter side, and each head is attached to a single actuator shaft so that all the heads move in unison. When one head is over a track, all the other heads are at the same location over their respective surfaces. Typically, only one of the heads is active at a time, i.e., reading or writing data. When not in use, the heads rest on the stationary platters, but when in motion the spinning of the platters create air pressure that lifts the heads off the platters. The space between the platter and the head is so minute that even one dust particle or a fingerprint could disable the spin. This necessitates that hard drive assembly be done in a clean room. When the platters cease spinning the heads come to rest, or park, at a predetermined position on the heads, called the landing zone.

The Head Actuator

All the heads are attached to a single head actuator, or actuator arm, that moves the heads around the platters. Older hard drives used a stepper motor actuator, which moved the heads based on a motor reacting to stepper pulses. Each pulse moved the actuator over the platters in predefined steps. Stepper motor actuators are not used in modern drives because they are prone to alignment problems and are highly sensitive to heat. Modern hard drives use a voice coil actuator, which controls the movement of a coil toward or away from a permanent magnet based on the amount of current flowing through it. This guidance system is called a servo.
The platters, spindle, spindle motor, head actuator and the read/write heads are all contained in a chamber called the head disk assembly (HDA). Outside of the HDA is the logic board that controls the movements of the internal parts and controls the movement of data into and out of the drive.

EIDE Drives

EIDE is simply Enhanced IDE. It takes out some of the limitations of the original IDE interface. You can put as many as four devices on one controller. EIDE also allows non-disk devices to be used, such as CD-ROMS. The original IDE allowed only hard drives. EIDE allows the use of much higher capacity drives, up to 9 GB or so. It has a transfer rate of around 11.1 MB per second, much faster than IDE, and it also allows you to take advantage of the PCI interface from your new video card.

The operating system divided your drive into a system area and a data area. The system area holds all the information that your computer needs to operate. The boot sector holds a small program that tells the computer what it needs to do when you turn it on. Every disk has a boot sector. It is recorded at Track 0. If that track is damaged, you will need to boot the system with a system disk.

The next section of the disk holds the File Allocation Tables (FATs). This is the information that describes the organization of the disk.

If the boot sector is damaged, the operating system can't recognize the disk, and it will give you an error such as "Non-System Disk". Usually, though, the machine just locks up. If a FAT is damaged, a data-recovery program such as SCANDISK can probably repair most of it. If the FAT is simply unreadable, the disk data is lost. Some utility programs make a backup copy of the FAT tables to recover from such occurances.

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