Data Storage - SCSI Hard Disk Drives

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SCSI Hard Disk Drives. SCSI (pronounced "skuzzy") stands for Small Computer Systems Interface. SCSI drives are independent. Their bus is completely separate from the usual buses, such as PCI or ISA. They also do not rely on the BIOS to be able to talk to the computer. They are completely independent. When the computer boots, it checks for additional hardware ROMs. As it does this, it finds your SCSI adapter card, if you have one. It gets no details as to what is attached to the adapter. You can connect as many as seven SCSI devices to the adapter, without the computer's knowledge. The adapter keeps track of the data flow across the SCSI bus. Each device gets its own SCSI address. Each device can talk with the other SCSI devices across the bus, all independent from the computer. The SCSI interface certainly speeds up the computer, but many problems come with the added speed. There are no set standards for SCSI; there is the original SCSI and the newer SCSI-2. These two sometimes have a hard time talking to each other in your computer. Also, many companies have developed proprietary SCSI standards. A drive like this may not be able to talk with a SCSI device of another make. SCSI hardware requires drivers unique to the operating system you are using and your special hardware combination. Each device requires its own ID number, with the end of the chain being set to be the end device. For these reasons, configuring SCSI is considered hard. |Continued Below|

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HD-FU36NP	Fujitsu 36GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mdr Model Number:MAN3367MP Capacity:36.7GB Form Factor:3.5 in.x1 in. high Rotational Speed:10Krpm Data Buffer Size:8MB Interface: U160/68pin Wide	$220.64
HD-FU18NC	Fujitsu 18GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr model number:MAN3184MC Capacity:18GB Speed:10,000rpm Interface: Ultra160 SCSI 80pin	$124.32
HD-FU18NP	Fujitsu 18GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:MAN3184MP 18.4GB Form Factor:3.5in.x1in. high Rotational Speed:10K rpm Buffer Size:8MB 4.5ms average seek time Ultra160 SCSI interface 5 year limited warranty	$124.32
HD-IB146V3	IBM 08K0322 146GB SCSI 10Krpm U320 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Part Number: 08K0322 Formatted Capacity: 146GB Rotational Speed: 10,000rpm Interface: 68pin Ultra 320 SCSI Average Seek Time: 4.7ms Buffer Size: 8MB	$1,008.00
HD-IB36HC	IBM 07N4903 36GB SCSI U160 15Krpm 80pin	Specifications Formatted Capacity: 36.7GB Mfr P/N: 07N4903 07N6803 Interface: 80-pin U160/SCSI SCA Data Transfer Rates: 160MB/s Average Seek Times: 4.2ms Buffer Size: 4MB Rotational Speed: 15000rpm Height (inch/mm): LP (1.0/25.7) 1 year limited warranty Bare drive	$319.20
HD-IB36HV	IBM 07N4901 36GB SCSI U160 15Krpm 68pin	Specifications Formatted Capacity: 36.7GB Mfr P/N: 07N4901 07N6801 Interface: 68-pin U160/SCSI WIDE Data Transfer Rates: 160MB/s Average Seek Times: 4.2ms Buffer Size: 4MB Rotational Speed: 15000rpm Height (inch/mm): LP (1.0/25.4) 1 year limited warranty Bare drive	$319.20
HD-IB36DC	IBM 36GB SCSI U160 80pin 10Krpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mdr Model Number:07N6370 Capacity:36.7GB Interface: SCSI Ultra 160 Ultrastar 73LZX Rotational Speed:10Krpm 80pin 4mb	$189.28
HD-IB36DV	IBM 36GB SCSI U160 68pin 10Krpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mdr Model Number:07N6340 Capacity:36GB SCSI Ultra 160 Ultrastar 73LZX Rotational Speed:10Krpm 68pin 4mb	$188.16
HD-IB18HC	IBM Ultrastar 36Z15 18GB SCSI U160 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:07N4902 or IC35L018UCPR15 Capacity:18GB U160 SCSI interface 15Krpm rotational speed 80pin Average seek time:3.4ms	$193.76
HD-IB18HV	IBM Ultrastar 36Z15 18GB SCSI U160 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:07N4900 or IC35L018UWPR15 Capacity:18GB U160 SCSI interface 15Krpm rotational speed 68pin Average Seek Time:3.4ms	$193.76
HD-IB18DV	IBM 18.2GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 68Pin 4MB Hard Drive	Specifications Manufacturer Part Number:07N6350 Formatted Capacity: 18.2GB Interface: 68-pin U160/SCSI WIDE Data Transfer Rates: 160MB/s Average Seek Times: 4.9ms Buffer Size: 4MB Rotational Speed: 10000rpm Height (inch/mm): LP (1.0/25.4) 1 year limited warranty	$126.00
HD-IB18DC	IBM Ultrastar 73LZX 18GB SCSI U160 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:07N6380 Capacity:18GB U160 SCSI interface 10Krpm rotational speed 80pin	$122.08
HD-IB9YV	IBM Ultrastar 36LZX 9GB SCSI U160 68pin Hard Drive	Ultrastar 36LZX Capacity - 9 GB Rotational Speed - 10,000 RPM Interface - Ultra 160 SCSI/FCAL, Ultra160+SCSI Average seek time - 4.9 ms OEM Package contain only the drive	$116.48
HD-MX36J4	Maxtor 36GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Manufacturer: MAXTOR Manufacturer PN: KW036J4 Formatted Capacity: 36.7GB Interface: 80-pin Ultra 320 SCSI Data Transfer Rates: 320MB/s Average Seek Times: 4.5ms Buffer Size: 8MB Rotational Speed: 10000rpm Height (inch/mm): LP (1.0/26.1)	$220.64
HD-MX36L4	Maxtor 36GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:KW036L4 Capacity:36GB Rotational Speed:10Krpm 68pin Buffer:4MB SCSI U160	$220.64
HD-MX18J2	Maxtor 18GB 10Krpm 80pin U160 SCSI Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: Atlas 10K III KW018J2 Capacity:18GB Average Seek Time: 4.5ms Rotational Speed:10K rpm Interface:U160 Data Buffer Size:4MB	$116.48
HD-MX18L2	Maxtor 18GB 10Krpm 68pin U160 SCSI Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: Atlas 10K III KW018L2 Capacity:18GB Average Seek Time: 4.5ms Rotational Speed:10K rpm Interface:U160 Data Buffer Size:4MB	$117.60
HD-80TO68P	HD Convertor 80 pin To 68 pin	Specification HD Convertor 80 pin To 68 pin	$8.12
HD-ST73CC5	Seagate 73.4GB Cheetah 73LP U160 80pin Hard Drive	Specification (ST373405LC) 80pin 1-inch high Capacity: 73.4 GB Speed: 10K rpm Seek time: 4.9 ms avg Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Buffer :4MB U160 only 1-inch high OEM Package contain only the drive	$554.40
HD-ST73VC5	Seagate 73GB SCSI U160 10K rpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specification :ST373405LW 1 inch high Cheetah 73LP Capacity: 73.4 GB Speed: 10000 rpm Seek time: 4.9 ms avg Buffer : 4MB Interface: Ultra160 SCSI OEM Package contain only the drive	$554.40
HD-ST36LC7	Seagate 36GB SCSI U160 15Krpm 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST336752LC Capacity:36.7GB Speed: 15K rpm Average Seek Time: 3.7 ms Default Buffer (cache) Size: 8MB Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Form Factor(width): 3.5 in. Form Factor(height):Low-profile	$390.88
HD-ST36LW7	Seagate 36GB SCSI U160 15Krpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST336752LW Capacity:36.7GB Speed: 15K rpm Average Seek Time: 3.7 ms Default Buffer (cache) Size: 8MB Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Form Factor(width): 3.5 in. Form Factor(height):Low-profile	$390.88
HD-ST36LC6	Seagate 36GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 80pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number: Cheetah ST336706LC Capacity: 36.9GB Speed: 10K rpm Average Seek Time: 5.2ms Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Cache Buffer:4MB	$245.28
HD-ST36LW6	Seagate 36GB SCSI U160 10Krpm 68pin Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST336706LW Capacity:36.9GB Speed: 10000rpm Average seek time:5.2ms Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Buffer Size:4MB Discs/Heads/Cylinders:2/4/19036	$245.28
HD-ST18LC6	Seagate 18GB SCSI U160 80pin 10Krpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST318406LC Capacity:18.4GB Speed:10,000rpm Average Seek Time:5.2ms Interface: Ultra160 SCSI Data Buffer: 4MB 80pin	$166.88
HD-ST18LW6	Seagate 18GB SCSI U160 68pin 10Krpm Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST318406LW Capacity:18.4GB Rotational Speed:10Krpm Average Seek Time:5.2ms Interface: Ultra 160 SCSI Cache Buffer Size:4MB	$166.88
HD-ST18LC2	Seagate 18GB SCSI U160 80pin 15Krpm/LVD Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST318452LC Capacity:18.4GB Intergace:SCSI Ultra 160 80-pin SCSI Signaling Type: Low Voltage Differential(LVD) Spindle Speed:15000rpm Data Buffer: 8MB Form Factor: 3.5 in. low profile	$234.08
HD-ST18VC2	Seagate 18GB SCSI U160 68pin 15Krpm/LVD Hard Drive	Specifications Mfr Model Number:ST318452LW Capacity:18.4GB Intergace:SCSI Ultra 160 SCSI Signaling Type: Low Voltage Differential(LVD) Spindle Speed:15000rpm Data Buffer: 8MB Form Factor: 3.5 in. low profile	$234.08

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The mechanism that reads and writes data on a hard disk. Hard disk drives (HDDs) for PCs generally have seek times of about 12 milliseconds or less. Many disk drives improve their performance through a technique called caching.

There are several interface standards for passing data between a hard disk and a computer. The most common are IDE and SCSI.

All hard drives share a basic structure and are composed of the same physical features. However, not all hard drives perform the same way as the quality of the parts of the hard drive will affect its performance. Following is a description of the common features of the hard drive and how each part works in relation to the others. Hard drives are extremely sensitive equipment and the internal workings of a hard drive should not be handled by anyone other than an experienced professional.

Hard disks don't last forever. They are mechanical devices with motors. Newer drives are much better designed than the old ones. They are more sturdy, reliable, and they use less power. Because of this, you are much less likely to suffer a hard drive crash. However, they still happen.

A typical user who takes good care of his/her system should get many years of service from a hard drive. It is possible, though, for it to crash in a few weeks.

In most cases, the data on your computer is the most valuable thing about your computer. For this reason, it is best to act as though your hard drive can crash at any time.

The Platters

The platters are the actual disks inside the drive that store the magnetized data. Traditionally platters are made of a light alluminum alloy and coated with a magnetizable material such as a ferrite compound that is applied in liquid form and spun evenly across the platter or thin metal film plating that is applied to the platter through electroplating, the same way that chrome is produced. Newer technology uses glass and/or ceramic platters because they can be made thinner and also because they are more efficient at resisting heat. The magnetic layer on the platters has tiny domains of magnetization that are oriented to store information that is transferred through the read/write heads. Most drives have at least two platters, and the larger the storage capacity of the drive, the more platters there are. Each platter is magnetized on each side, so a drive with 2 platters has 4 sides to store data.

The Spindle and Spindle Motor

The platters in a drive are separated by disk spacers and are clamped to a rotating spindle that turns all the platters in unison. The spindle motor is built right into the spindle or mounted directly below it and spins the platters at a constant set rate ranging from 3,600 to 7,200 RPM. The motor is attached to a feedback loop to ensure that it spins at precisely the speed it is supposed to.

The Read/Write Heads

The read/write heads read and write data to the platters. There is typically one head per platter side, and each head is attached to a single actuator shaft so that all the heads move in unison. When one head is over a track, all the other heads are at the same location over their respective surfaces. Typically, only one of the heads is active at a time, i.e., reading or writing data. When not in use, the heads rest on the stationary platters, but when in motion the spinning of the platters create air pressure that lifts the heads off the platters. The space between the platter and the head is so minute that even one dust particle or a fingerprint could disable the spin. This necessitates that hard drive assembly be done in a clean room. When the platters cease spinning the heads come to rest, or park, at a predetermined position on the heads, called the landing zone.

The Head Actuator

All the heads are attached to a single head actuator, or actuator arm, that moves the heads around the platters. Older hard drives used a stepper motor actuator, which moved the heads based on a motor reacting to stepper pulses. Each pulse moved the actuator over the platters in predefined steps. Stepper motor actuators are not used in modern drives because they are prone to alignment problems and are highly sensitive to heat. Modern hard drives use a voice coil actuator, which controls the movement of a coil toward or away from a permanent magnet based on the amount of current flowing through it. This guidance system is called a servo.
The platters, spindle, spindle motor, head actuator and the read/write heads are all contained in a chamber called the head disk assembly (HDA). Outside of the HDA is the logic board that controls the movements of the internal parts and controls the movement of data into and out of the drive.

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